A definition is proposed whereby habit is a process by which a stimulus generates an impulse to act as a result of a learned stimulus-response association. Definitions of ‘habit’ have varied in ways that are often implicit and not coherently linked with an underlying theory. A coherent definition of ‘habit’, and proposals for improved methods for studying it, were derived from findings. A narrative review is presented, drawing on a scoping review of 136 empirical studies and 8 literature reviews undertaken to document usage of the term ‘habit’, and methods to measure it. This paper examines use of the term in the context of health-related behaviour, and explores how the concept might be made more useful. In the end, Sheeran’s choice to strip back the song to raw vocals and guitar make this song’s message hit even harder and reminds us that sometimes the simple things are what keep us going.The term ‘habit’ is widely used to predict and explain behaviour. Sheeran cleverly juxtaposes hopeful lyrics like “I need to feel elements to remind me/ There’s beauty when it’s bleak” and “the waves won’t break my boat” with darker ones such as “The more that I love/ the less that I feel” and “They say that all scars will heal, but I know/ Maybe I won’t.” Sheeran has spoken openly about feeling like he was drowning after Jamal’s death, and this stripped back opener encompasses both the attempt to find air and the sensation of drowning in grief. It’s a metaphor that feels familiar, something I think was important when tackling such a heavy topic. Grief is often described as feeling like drowning, searching for air when you don’t know up from down. The imagery of Subtract is filled with references of the sea and the album opener is a perfect example. Hailing from Suffolk on the West Coast of England, Sheeran’s choice in lyrical and visual inspiration for this album seem a natural choice. Where many in the world know Sheeran for his hits like “Shape of You,” “Thinking Out Loud,” and “Bad Habits,” Subtract takes on a softer tone while still providing one hell of a lyrical story in every single song. Anyone picking up an Ed Sheeran album knows he’s going to bring heavy guitar and keyboard features to compliment his exceptional abilities to capture the human experience in his lyrics. In a world where artists are expected to reinvent their entire sound with every album, it shouldn’t be viewed as a flaw to know the distinct style and sound for an artist. Sheeran’s unique sound shines with a new light on this album. Sheeran has long been known for his incredible songwriting talent and once he began working with producer Aaron Dessner, Sheeran stated that the album developed very quickly. Subtract is an exploration of grief, anxiety, and depression through the lens of music. With such a difficult few months, it’s no wonder Sheeran chose to rework Subtract into the album we have today. Shortly after, Sheeran’s best friend and music world staple Jamal Edwards died. In 2021, Sheeran’s wife, Cherry Seaborn, was diagnosed with cancer in her arm while pregnant. Sheeran spoke with Rolling Stone where he detailed that he actually wrote most of Subtract, but quickly scrapped it after a series of unexpected and devastating moments in his personal life. “Boat” “Salt Water” “Eyes Closed” “Life Goes On” “Dusty” “End of Youth” “Colourblind” “Curtains” “Borderline” “Spark” “Vega” “Sycamore” “No Strings” “The Hills of Aberfeldy”
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